Adoption Of Smart Home Technologies Research Articles

The effects of technology readiness, risks, and benefits on smart home technology adoption: extending the Theory of Planned Behavior model

Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study investigated generational differences in the roles of technology readiness (TR), risks, and benefits on the behavioral intention of smart home technology. Data were gathered from a probability sample of 501 respondents by conducting a telephone survey in 2020. Findings showed that smart home technologies were not widely adopted in Hong Kong at the time of the survey. People who reported higher intention to adopt were all driven by components in the TPB model, TR (optimism and innovativeness), tangible benefits (such as saving energy, money, and time), and trendiness; however, this intention was inhibited by psychological risks. Furthermore, the interaction effect identified in the study provides a more nuanced view about the ways in which attitude toward IoT can interact with tangible benefits to regulate the behavioral intention of smart home products. This study suggests that designers and marketers of smart home products should recognize the role played by both intrinsic (e.g., optimism and innovativeness towards technology) and extrinsic factors (e.g., perceived risks and benefits) in significantly influencing the intention to adopt.

Smart home technology adoption in Denmark: Diffusion, social differences, and energy consumption

Smart home technology (SHT) is increasingly entering homes to provide services such as energy management, security, comfort, and convenience. However, research shows that adoption varies across social groups and that SHT might affect energy demand. Denmark is considered a frontrunner in the uptake of SHT and offers a unique opportunity to combine administrative household information with energy consumption data and survey responses on SHT uptake. This paper studies a representative sample of 1,468 Danish households to investigate SHT diffusion, social differences in SHT adoption, and correlations between SHT and energy consumption, divided into appliance use and heating. The results indicate that entertainment and home security are the most popular SHT services in Denmark and that SHT is more widespread among younger households, especially for entertainment and robotic help. In contrast, smart heating systems are more widespread among older households. Living in a detached house seems to increase the likelihood of having SHT, while the highest income group appears more likely to have security systems, and technical education seems associated with the adoption of SHT for heating management. Finally, smart security systems were associated with higher electricity consumption, and SHT for electricity management was associated with higher heating consumption and to a lesser extent higher electricity consumption, but there was no significant correlation between having smart heating control and heating consumption.

On the Adoption of Smart Home Technology in Switzerland: Results from a Survey Study Focusing on Prevention and Active Healthy Aging Aspects

Smart home (SH) technologies offer advancements in comfort, energy management, health, and safety. There is increasing interest in technology-enabled home services from scholars and professionals, particularly to meet the needs of a growing aging population. Yet, current research focuses on assisted living scenarios developed for elderly individuals with health impairments, and neglects to explore the potential of SHs in prevention. We aim to improve comprehension and guide future research on the value of SH technology for risk prevention with a survey assessing the adoption of SHs by older adults based on novel ad hoc collected data. Our survey is based on the theoretical background derived from the extant body of literature. In addition to established adoption factors and user characteristics, it includes previously unexamined elements such as active and healthy aging parameters, risk and insurance considerations, and social and hedonic dimensions. Descriptive results and regression analyses indicate that a vast majority of individuals acknowledge the preventive benefits of SHs. Additionally, we observe that individuals with higher levels of social activity, technology affinity, and knowledge of SHs tend to report greater interest. Moreover, perceived enjoyment and perceived risk emerge as central elements for SH adoption. Our research indicates that considering lifestyle factors when examining technology adoption and emphasizing the preventive benefits present possibilities for both future studies and practical implementations.

Exploring The Factors Affecting Consumer Preparedness For Smart Home Technology In Indonesia

SSmart home technology is becoming more popular globally, including in Indonesia. However, its adoption is still early, mainly due to the public's limited awareness of this technology. This study uses the Technology Readiness and Acceptance Model (TRAM) to assess individuals' readiness to embrace smart home technology. This research was conducted using SEM PLS with 271 respondents selected through purposive sampling, using 34 questions with a 5-point Likert scale. Positive outlook and user-friendliness have a role in how people value smart home technology, according to the study's findings. Optimism, inventiveness, and discomfort all affecthow easy something is to use. Anxiety and unease can play a role in how we interpret danger. Smart home technology adoption is influenced by factors such as its perceived value, simplicity of use, and cost significantly and positively.
  

Empowering homes with intelligence: An investigation of smart home technology adoption and usage

The increasing interconnectedness of the world, coupled with the proliferation of connected devices, networks, and intricate systems, has paved the way for unparalleled opportunities in automation and sophisticated digital transformation. This has also led to a global rise in the adoption of smart and intelligent technologies within the smart home market. Norway, being a technologically advanced country with digitally skilled citizens, presents a potential market for the widespread adoption of smart home technologies. However, there is a lack of research on the adoption of smart home technology (SHT), specifically in Norway. Hence, this study aims at investigating the factors that influence Norwegian consumers' intentions to adopt smart home technologies, as well as the diffusion of smart home adoption in the Norwegian market. Employing a mixed-methods research design, this study gathered insights from both consumers and vendors through ten qualitative interviews and a survey with 100 participants over the period of seven months. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence supporting the significance of hedonic motivation, perceived price value, and social influence in relation to the use and adoption of SHT.

Revolusi Ruang Hidup dengan Teknologi Smart Home

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the adoption of smart home technology. From voice assistants like Amazon’s Alexa and Google Home to smart thermostats and security systems. Smart home technology is becoming more and more commonly used by modern society. The aim of this research is a review of smart home technology that can revolutionize our living space. The results of the review conclude that smart home is a technology that is increasingly being used. This smart home has many advantages, but also has some disadvantages that need to be considered. The development of this smart home is an interesting and potentially revolutionary way of living and how we interact with living space.

Towards a more Connected Home: User Attitudes and Perceptions after an Integrated Home Technology Exposure

Recent advancements in Internet of Things (IoT) have introduced many smart home technologies that can provide higher levels of care and convenience to residents. This study aims at understanding user experience in a more connected home and the extent to which previous experience with and exposure to smart home systems can influence user acceptance and adoption of smart home technologies. Using a smart home prototype, a 3-week field trial was conducted to simulate an integrated home environment. Data were gathered after self-installation and after completion of the trial. Results show that technology exposure had positive influence on participants’ attitudes and opinions towards using smart home systems for various tasks. Moreover, participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the self-installation process which aimed to address consumers’ complaints regarding complex setup processes. Results will be discussed based on the practical and commercial implications regarding deployment of home devices.

Identifying the Key Drivers and Barriers of Smart Home Adoption: A Thematic Analysis from the Business Perspective

Smart homes embrace advanced technologies and the connectedness of devices that aim to increase consumers’ life quality. They are based on data integration over shared platforms collected via sensors and wireless networks. However, although consumers’ current and potential adoption of smart homes have received some research interest, there is a low number of studies considering the foreseeable future of smart homes from the business perspective. To fulfill this gap in the literature, this study presents the results of an exploratory research attempting to reveal the foresight of the business side regarding the penetration of smart home technologies (SHTs) into consumers’ lives. Based on the opinions of industry experts collected through 13 semistructured in-depth interviews, numerous drivers of and barriers to SHT adoption are uncovered and displayed in their intertwined relationship in a thematic map. In creating this map, the qualitative data gathered through the interviews are integrated with widely used theories/models of technology adoption in the literature to develop a full-fledged set of determinants. As a result, drivers of SHT adoption (five sub-themes) and barriers that hinder smart home penetration (eight subthemes) were determined. Drivers consist of relative advantage, enjoyment, image enhancement, modern and multifunctional design, and consumers’ technology innovativeness. In contrast, the main barriers are high cost, complexity, lack of compatibility, lack of trialability, lack of observability, lack of a trusted brand in the market, lack of facilitating conditions and support services, and consumers’ technology anxiety. This rich set of SHT adoption determinants can be used in future studies to examine their relative impact on consumers’ adoption of SHT.

Factors that predict the acceptance and adoption of smart home technology by seniors in Australia: a structural equation model with longitudinal data

ABSTRACT Smart Home Technology presents an exciting opportunity to support seniors living independently in their homes. Despite widespread interest in Smart Homes, seniors’ readiness to adopt Smart Home Technology is low. To determine the factors underpinning Australian seniors’ acceptance and adoption of Smart Home Technology using an extended UTAUT model that includes Trust, Resistance to Change and Technology Anxiety. A longitudinal study was conducted to validate the proposed model prior to and after the implementation of a pilot Smart Home Modification program for seniors. Structural Equation Modeling has been applied to test the proposed hypotheses using a sample of 60 seniors in regional Australia. Perceived Usefulness is an important predictor of Smart Home Technology adoption by seniors. Trust was found to indirectly predict adoption of Smart Home Technology via Perceived Usefulness. This study showed that Perceived Usefulness and Trust are critical factors for the acceptance and use of SHT by seniors, validating the extension of UTAUT with a Trust factor. This makes a unique theoretical contribution to the literature with implications for aged care providers and policymakers to consider seniors’ perceived usefulness and trust in the design, development, and implementation of Smart Home solutions.

Smart Home Multi-Factor Authentication Using Face Recognition and One-Time Password on Smartphone

Recently, the adoption of smart home technology has been on the rise and becoming a trend for home residents. The development of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology drives the smart home authentication system with biometric systems such as facial recognition, fingerprint, and voice control techniques. In the context of homeowners, security is always the primary concern. However, conventional home security and the existing smart home security system have some limitations. These techniques use single-factor authentication, which provides limited protection for home security. Therefore, this project proposed a design for smart home multi-factor authentication using facial recognition and a one-time password sent to smartphones for a home security system. Rapid application development was the methodology for conducting this study. A usability evaluation suggested that the proposed smart home multi-factor authentication is acceptable, but some usability issues can be improved in the future. 

Factors influencing community-dwelling older adults' readiness to adopt smart home technology: A qualitative exploratory study.

Ageing-in-place for older people could be more feasible with the support of smart home technology. Ageing in-place may maximize the independence of older adults and enhance their well-being and quality of life, while decreasing the financial burden of residential care costs, and addressing workforce shortages. However, the uptake of smart home technology is very low among older adults. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to explore factors influencing community-dwelling older adults' readiness to adopt smart home technology. A qualitative exploratory study design was utilized. Descriptive data were collected between 2019 and 2020 to provide context of sample characteristics for community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65years. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews and focus groups, to generate an understanding of older adult's perspectives. Thematic analysis of interviews and focus group transcripts was completed. The Elderadopt model was the conceptual framework used in the analysis of the findings. Several factors influenced community-dwelling older adults' (N=19) readiness to adopt smart home technology. Five qualitative themes were identified: knowledge, health and safety, independence, security and cost. Community-dwelling older adults were open to adopting smart home technology to support independence despite some concerns about security and loss of privacy. Opportunities to share information about smart home technology need to be increased to promote awareness and discussion. Wider adoption of smart home technology globally into the model of aged care can have positive impacts on caregiver burden, clinical workforce, health care utilization and health care economics. Nurses, as the main providers of healthcare in this sector need to be knowledgeable about the options available and be able to provide information and respond to questions know about ageing-in-place technologies to best support older adults and their families.

Outcomes of training in smart home technology adoption

While various forms of smart home technology have been available for decades, they have yet to achieve widespread adoption. Although they have risen in popularity during recent years, the general public continue to rate smart home devices as overly complex compared to their benefits. This article reports the results of an eight-month study into the effects of training on smart home technology adoption. Building upon the results of a previous study, and using the same living laboratory approach, we studied the effects of training on the attitudes of a group of residents toward use of smart home technology. Results show that training influences those attitudes toward smart home technology, including increased confidence in future use, and increased actual use of more complex smart home features. Results also indicate that users tended to seek out other users rather than training materials for advice, and that privacy concerns were not a deterrent to using smart home devices.

Culture, energy and climate sustainability, and smart home technologies: A mixed methods comparison of four countries

Smart home technologies (SHT) refer to devices that provide some degree of digitally connected, automated, or enhanced services to household occupants. Smart homes have become prominent in recent technology and policy discussions about energy efficiency, climate change, and the sustainability of buildings. Nevertheless, how might culture shape the diffusion and use of the technologies used in smart homes? What cultural barriers may impede their adoption, or embed more carbon-intensive lifestyles? Lastly, do smart home technologies truly promote sustainability goals? Based on an extensive original dataset involving expert interviews in four countries—Japan, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, and the United States—and original media content analysis, this study explores the cultural aspects of smart home technology adoption as well as the consequent impacts on sustainability. In doing so, the study elaborates on an array of social, technical, political, economic and environmental dimensions of smart home technology diffusion, with clear implications for research, policy, and technology development. In this sense, we call for more comprehensive, progressive, innovative and sensitive technology design so as to advance SHT adoption and fulfill some of the sustainability and climate objectives their advocates continually promise.

Determinants of energy tracking application use at the city level: Evidence from France

This paper investigates the determinants of smart energy tracking app usage by citizens residing in French cities. Our framework is inspired by the extant strands of literature on smart cities and smart home technology adoption, but also contributing to them as smart energy applications reveal specificities that need to be incorporated; the latter include, for instance, the distinction between adoption and frequency of use, or the consideration of additional determinants such as privacy or environmental concerns. For our study, we build an original survey and rely upon citizen-level data, testing a Zero-Inflated Ordered Probit (ZIOP) model which allows to differentiate between adoption of the smart energy app and its frequency of utilization. Our empirical findings reveal how the drivers related to smart city characteristics mainly affect the decision of adoption of energy tracking apps. Conversely, the more individual characteristics related to the perceived benefits of using energy tracking apps, dwelling type, and privacy concerns, primarily affect the frequency of utilization. Our results bear policy implications on the issue of privacy, premising additional research on energy challenges in the utilization of energy apps in smart versus non-smart environments.

Trust in the smart home: Findings from a nationally representative survey in the UK.

Businesses in the smart home sector are actively promoting the benefits of smart home technologies for consumers, such as convenience, economy and home security. To better understand meanings of and trust in the smart home, we carried out a nationally representative survey of UK consumers designed to measure adoption and acceptability, focusing on awareness, ownership, experience, trust, satisfaction and intention to use. We analysed the results using theories of meanings and acceptability of technologies including semiotics, social construction of technology (SCOT) and sociotechnical affordance. Our findings suggest that the meaning and value proposition of the smart home have not yet achieved closure for consumers, but is already foregrounding risks to privacy and security amongst the other meaning-making possibilities it could afford. Anxiety about the likelihood of a security incident emerges as a prominent factor influencing adoption of smart home technology. This factor negatively impacts adoption. These findings underline how businesses and policymakers will need to work together to act on the sociotechnical affordances of smart home technology in order to increase consumers’ trust. This intervention is necessary if barriers to adoption and acceptability of the smart home are to be addressed now and in the future.

Unlocking the smart home: exploring key factors affecting the smart lock adoption intention

PurposeThis study examines the factorial structure of salient user beliefs associated with smart locks. We also examine the predictive value of the identified constructs on the smart lock adoption intention and we evaluate gender differences in the predictive value of the identified constructs.Design/methodology/approachThe study assumes pragmatic epistemological stance and it leverages mixed-methods research design. The research progresses through three stages: belief elicitation, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis within a nomological network. New groups of participants were recruited for each stage of the study.FindingsWe find that while potential adopters express a broad range of perceived benefits and concerns associated with smart locks, only the perceived relative advantage of smart locks vis-à-vis conventional locks in providing safety and security is significantly correlated with adoption intention for both genders. We also find that perceived novel benefits are a significant predictor of the smart lock adoption intention for women, but not for men.Research limitations/implicationsOur results indicate that perceived relative advantage can be the singular critical consideration in the adoption of smart home technologies that replace incumbent solutions. The results also demonstrate that gender-specific models can better capture gender effects that influence technology adoption and use.Practical implicationsSmart home technology vendors would need to convince prospective users that new technology is better than the incumbent solutions on the core affordances of the incumbent technology. Men and women differ in the consideration of novel benefits afforded by novel technologies.Originality/valueThis is among the first studies to examine salient beliefs that affect smart home technology adoption. The findings suggest that the traditional models (TAM, UTAUT) do not capture the key salient beliefs that can influence innovative smart home technology adoption. The study also suggests that gendered models are needed to understand technology adoption in contexts where technology adoption intersects with gender roles.

Fulfillment of higher-order psychological needs through technology: The case of smart thermostats

Smart home technologies (SHTs), such as smart thermostats, are a growing commercial opportunity. SHTs can offer a broad spectrum of potential functional, experiential and esthetic benefits, yet much of the prior research on the adoption of SHTs has been limited by a narrow TAM-based functional view. Relatively little is known about the salient user beliefs related to the experiential and esthetic benefits of SHTs that may affect SHT adoption. To address this gap in research, we conduct a mixed-methods study, wherein we inductively develop a set of factors that reflect salient user considerations associated with smart thermostats and we examine the effects of the elicited factors on the smart thermostat adoption intention. We find that performance expectancy, emphasized by TAM, has a relatively minor effect on the smart thermostat adoption intention and effort expectancy has no effect at all. We identify a novel factor, which we term techno-coolness, as the key predictor of the adoption intention in this context. Techno-coolness is a multidimensional construct that encompasses the perceptions that the technology can make a home look modern and futuristic, can make the user feel technologically advanced, and can be fun to use. Techno-coolness reveals that the technology capacity to fulfill higher-order psychological needs can dominate purely functional considerations in innovative technology adoption decisions.

Are households ready to engage with smart home technology?

ABSTRACTThis paper contributes new knowledge regarding consumers’ preparedness for smart home technology adoption. This research bridges together three important frameworks – the technology readiness index (TRI) 2.0, consumer engagement, and perceived risk and trust – to understand consumers’ intentions to adopt smart home technology. We examine both direct and indirect effects, with results demonstrating the model explains 77% variance of consumers’ imagined engagement with smart home technology and 74% variance of intentions to adopt; hence, our model has greater predictive power than others proposed in the literature. Theoretically and managerially, we demonstrate a new pathway to consumers’ adoption of smart home technology in two ways. First, we depict the impact of consumers’ general perceptions of technology (TRI) on opinions and imagined engagement experiences with smart home technology. Second, we show how opinions and imagined experiences with smart home technology impact their intentions to adopt.

Factors driving the adoption of smart home technology: An empirical assessment

Smart home technology, an application of Internet of Things (IoT), provides households with e.g., comfort, control and convenience. The technology has been around for sometimes, but its prevalence is not yet widespread, and thus the potentials have largely been underestimated. The purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive model that can explain a large percentage of variance in the intention to use smart home technology. To do so, this paper, based on technology acceptance model, diffusion of innovation theory and consumer perceived innovativeness, proposes an integrated model and validates it through Structural Equation Modelling on data collected from 156 respondents. The results reveal that compatibility, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are important determinants affecting the adoption of smart home technology. Moreover, trialability while show no direct effect on the intention to use, its affect is realized indirectly via constructs of PU and PEoU. The SEM results also show that the perceived cost negatively impacts the intention to use. This paper is one of the first empirical attempt that includes consumer perceived innovativeness in the model. This paper contributes to the literature of IoT, in particular to smart home technology research. Some theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Profiles and Predictors of Smart Home Technology Adoption by Older Adults

The commercial popularity of smart home (SH) technology has broadened the scope of aging-in-place and home health occupational therapy. The objective of this article is to examine ownership of SH technology by older adults, their readiness to adopt SH technology, and identify the client factors relating to the adoption. A survey of older adults aged 60 and above living in the community was conducted. Respondents (N = 445) who were women; in the age group of 60 to 70 years; living in a two-level home, with a body function impairment; with a fall history; and experienced in information and communication technology (ICT) were significantly likely to be "brisk adopters" of SH (p < .05). Stepwise regression model identified marital status, home security, and overall ICT ownership as the predictors of SH ownership, whereas being female, concern over home security, and perceived independence contributed to SH readiness (p < .05). Consideration of the identified client profiles, health, and personal factors will strengthen SH integration for aging-in-place.